miércoles, marzo 21, 2007

El mosquito transmisor del dengue se detectó en Montevideo

JORGE BASSO: "NO HAY NINGUNA DUDA DE QUE EL DENGUE VA A LLEGAR A NUESTRO PAIS"
* Montevideo se sumo ayer a la lista de departamentos con presencia del mosquito Aedes aegyptii. En Villa Española, Maroñas y sus alrededores se detectaron larvas de este insecto. Varios barrios de la capital se están fumigando. El director general de Salud, doctor Jorge Basso, está convencido de que sólo es cuestión de tiempo para que el dengue arribe a nuestro país.
Los lagos de la capital se han sembrado de peces para eliminar las larvas de los mosquitos.
El mosquito transmisor del dengue avanza a través del territorio nacional, aunque aún no se han producido casos de la enfermedad. Ayer se detectaron larvas en el departamento de Montevideo, más concretamente en las zonas de Villa Española y Maroñas. Además de la capital nacional, en otros cuatro departamentos ­Salto, Paysandú, Rivera y Río Negro­ las ovitrampas arrojaron resultados positivos y confirmaron la presencia del Aedes aegyptii.
"La evolución de las epidemias de dengue, a lo largo de la historia, tienen una forma cíclica; cada cinco años hay un empuje. El último fue en 2002. Ese año, en Brasil hubo 750.000 casos de la enfermedad, y 960 personas fallecieron. Cinco años después tenemos la epidemia en Paraguay. No es una situación de alarma para nuestro país, pero sí es una alerta importante para no descuidar la prevención", explicó el director general de Salud, doctor Jorge Basso.
Para el jerarca es más que probable, dada la situación de la región, que el dengue llegue a Uruguay, por lo que es necesario eliminar la presencia del Aedes aegyptii. Para que esta enfermedad afecte a un ser humano debe ser transmitida a través de un mosquito hembra de esa especie que haya picado con anterioridad a una persona infectada.

Sin mosquito no hay dengue
Si el insecto es eliminado del territorio nacional, no hay probabilidades de que la enfermedad conquiste nuevos territorios. "El dengue no se contagia de persona a persona; sin el mosquito no hay dengue", aclaró Basso. "El Aedes aegyptii transmite otras enfermedades, como por ejemplo la fiebre amarilla, pero ésta tiene vacuna y no se desarrolla en estas latitudes. Pero para el dengue no tenemos vacuna".
La manifestación clínica más clara del dengue es un cuadro febril muy fuerte que dura una semana y se trata sólo con antitérmicos. Cuando la persona se cura, el virus no permanece en su sangre, pero se vuelve susceptible a otra picadura del mosquito transmisor. En ese segundo caso, puede sobrevenir el dengue de tipo hemorrágico, que llega a causar la muerte y ha sido el más frecuente en Paraguay.
Es conveniente que la población vulnerable, como los lactantes, las personas de la tercera edad y los afectados por enfermedades crónicas ­entre ellas las respiratorias­ se internen en el caso de que adquieran la enfermedad. La misma medida se sugiere para las personas que viven en la calle o están solas y requieren algún tipo de apoyo. "Incluso hemos previsto mosquiteros para el sistema de salud, para que puedan aislar eventualmente a estos pacientes", dijo Basso.
Las autoridades insisten en la importancia de educar a la población para que ésta tome la precaución de vaciar todos los recipientes que puedan juntar agua a la intemperie, ideales para almacenar larvas. "Lo importante es minimizar la carga del mosquito Aedes aegypti en el territorio nacional, de manera que si aparece un caso éste no genere un brote explosivo como los que están sucediendo en países como Paraguay", dijo Basso.

El viaje de un mosquito
El Aedes aegyptii es un insecto doméstico que requiere sombra y humedad. Sólo pican las hembras, y lo hacen durante el día a diferencia de los tradicionales mosquitos de nuestro país. Los lugares donde haya gran cantidad de vegetales, como jardines y parques, corren mayor riesgo de albergar el mosquito, por lo que en esas zonas se ha reforzado la colocación de ovitrampas, según las autoridades municipales. "Si hay zonas con aguas estancadas la población lo puede denunciar a los centros comunales de la zona o al servicio de limpieza de la Intendencia", informó el director de Salud de la IMM, licenciado Pablo Anzalone. "En varios de los lagos y lagunas de Montevideo se ha sembrado un control biológico (peces) para eliminar las larvas de los mosquitos. También se han fumigado varios barrios de la capital donde los edificios han acumulado agua en grandes cantidades".
El Aedes aegyptii sólo puede ingresar a Uruguay desde los países vecinos a bordo de vehículos, porque su autonomía de vuelo no pasa de unos cientos de metros a la redonda. Si este insecto viene, por ejemplo, de Paraguay y cruza la frontera a bordo de un automóvil, cuando se encuentre libre pondrá sus huevos en lugares húmedos y oscuros. En esta etapa se lo debe localizar y eliminar. Las intensas lluvias que han caído sobre el territorio nacional en el último mes han favorecido su reproducción.

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